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Whale Shark, Philippines. Photo by Stephane Rochon.

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Melhores vídeos

06:04

Zilvermeer Mol
Belgium

04:31

South Mariane Island
Seychelles

Sea slugs feeding and mating. Part 19 of my documentary, "Mucky Secrets", about the fascinating marine creatures of the Lembeh Strait in Indonesia. Watch the full 90-minute documentary at http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nJMZ6reOB0E

In this video we study how sea slugs (including nudibranchs) feed and mate.

All known nudibranchs are carnivores. The biggest family of nudibranchs, the chromodoridids, feed exclusively on sponges.

Most sea slugs have a ribbon-like tongue covered in microscopic teeth called a radula to help them consume their prey. The form of the radula varies greatly and is important as a basis for taxonomic classification.

We see a pleurobranch, Pleurobranchus forskalii, a different type of sea slug, feeding on an ascidian, or "sea squirt", a type of tunicate.

Nembrotha nudibranchs also feed on ascidians. We see a Nembrotha lineolata feeding on a blue club tunicate. The ascidian feeds by filtering plankton from the water with its delicate, blue, sieve-like interior enclosed in a clear outer sac, its tunic. The sea slug everts its proboscis, its oral tube, out of its mouth and, with ruthless efficiency, sucks this fleshy interior right through the tunic. The radula teeth enable the slug to deal with the tougher parts of the sea squirt's intestines.

Most sea slugs are quite specific in their choice of food, and so they are often drawn towards the same place. This increases the chances of encountering others of the same species and finding a mate. As they have no vision, nudibranchs locate each other initially through smell then touch.

During copulation, they line up their genitals which are on the right side of their body. All sea slugs are hermaphrodites and contain both male and female reproductive systems. During mating, each nudibranch receives sperm from the other. 

We see a pair of Nembrotha purpureolineata nudibranchs mating. The penis, which is off to the side, is covered in tiny, sharp barbs which lock it into the vagina, which is at the centre of the stalk. The male organs often mature before the female ones. Small nudibranchs with an immature female reproductive system can store the sperm they receive until they start producing fertile eggs.

We also encounter a mating pair of Hypselodoris bullocki nudibranchs. Their genitals are also covered in tiny spines that anchor them together during copulation.

After fertilisation, a mucus-bound ribbon of eggs is laid in a spiral, often on or near the species' food source. Most egg masses are toxic to predators and are abandoned by the parent.

Hypselodorid nudibranchs often follow each other around, top to tail. The reason for this 'trailing', or "tailgating" behaviour is a mystery. It's thought to be a prelude to mating, but in some cases the trailing slug might simply be getting an easy ride in the search for food.

There are English captions showing either the full narration or the common and scientific names of the marine life, along with the dive site names.

The full Mucky Secrets nature documentary features a huge diversity of weird and wonderful marine animals including frogfish, nudibranchs, scorpionfish, crabs, shrimps, moray eels, seahorses, octopus, cuttlefish etc..

Thanks to Kevin MacLeod of http://www.incompetech.com for the music track, "Perspectives", which is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported license.

Thanks to the staff and keen-eyed divemasters of Two Fish Divers (http://www.twofishdivers.com), for accommodation, diving services and critter-spotting.

The video was shot by Nick Hope with a Sony HVR-Z1P HDV camera in a Light & Motion Bluefin HD housing with Light & Motion Elite lights and a flat port. A Century +3.5 diopter was used for the most of the macro footage.

I have more scuba diving videos and underwater footage on my website at:
http://www.bubblevision.com

I post updates about my videos here:
http://www.facebook.com/bubblevision
http://google.com/+bubblevision
http://www.twitter.com/nicholashope
http://bubblevision.tumblr.com

Full list of marine life and dive sites featured in this video:

00:00 Nudibranch, Hypselodoris emma, Aer Perang
00:15 Nudibranch, Hypselodoris emma, TK 3
00:21 Nudibranch, Hypselodoris apolegma, Police Pier
00:28 Nudibranch, Hypselodoris whitei, Aw Shucks
00:33 Nudibranch, Chromodoris annae, Tanjung Kusu-Kusu
00:38 Nudibranch, Hypselodoris apolegma, Aer Perang
00:43 Pleurobranch, Pleurobranchus forskalii, Two Fish Divers house reef
00:59 Nudibranch, Nembrotha lineolata, Nudi Falls
01:55 Nudibranchs, Nembrotha purpureolineata & Nembrotha yonowae, TK 1
02:07 Nudibranch, Nembrotha purpureolineata, TK 1
03:20 Nudibranch, Hypselodoris bullocki, Critter Hunt
03:33 Nudibranch, Doriprismatica atromarginata, Nudi Falls
03:43 Nudibranch, Ceratosoma tenue, Aer Perang
03:53 Nudibranch, Hypselodoris tryoni, Nudi Falls 04:51

Nudi Falls
Indonesia

Diving around Cocos Island (Costa Rica) is amazing and we were grateful to have had the chance to see six species of sharks: Tiger shark, Whale shark, Galapagos shark, White tip and Black tip reef sharks and huge schools of Hammerheads.
But Hammerheads were very shy, they did not come close to the camera. Therefore, we decided to leave some GoPro's on the top of the cleaning station...

Special thanks to the crew of MV Argo for this breathtaking adventure! 03:08

Dirty Rock
Costa Rica


Melhores fotos

foto de mergulho

Peltastis Wreck
Croatia

foto de mergulho

Marissa
Philippines


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  Novas informações

  • Jan 25 
    [ Informação ] Secured navigation Wannadive is now only available thru secured (SSL/HTTPs) navigation. Feel free to report any bugs or wired behavior while browsing/contributing to the dive site atlas and/or thru the Android application.
  • Jul 08 
    [ Informação ] Phishing pages Hackers succeeded into injecting some scripts into our server file system; mainly phishing pages (fake Dropbox and/or Email client login page; asking you to login with your Gmail/Yahoo account). We are pretty sure these phishing pages were NOT linked/used within this website; probably used in phishing email campaigns. Your community information (email, password, personal information) from this website were not compromised; but if you have been redirected to these pages it is strongly recommended that you change your email password. Sorry for the inconvenience
  • Dec 20 
    [ Informação ] Wannadive è avaiable in italiano! Hi, Wannadive è avaiable in italiano! Today we are very happy to announce that Wannadive interface is available in Italian. We would like to thanks the following translators for their help and great Christmas gift! * Dave Noise (from Wannasurf) * Riccardo Ghetti (from Wannadive) * Lorenzo Facchin (from Wannadive) All Italian divers can now switch to Italian language by using the language selector at the top of Wannadive pages. Enjoy! We wish you a merry Christmas. WD Team
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